Parliament

Functions of Parliament

Introduction

Parliament fulfills an essential role in Canada's democratic system. Within a parliamentary democracy, its key function is to provide a vehicle for popular representation. The government of the day is chosen from parliament on the basis of which party has the majority of seats in the lower house. It also provides a forum for debate of proposed legislation, approves expenditure for government activities and scrutinises the activities of government and the public sector. It is difficult for a modern parliament to perform these functions thoroughly because of the increasing complexity of legislation and size of government. There is also tension between the representative role of parliament and the decision-making role of the executive.

In the course of performing these tasks, Parliament brings the relevant facts and issues to the attention of the electorate.

It is also customary for Parliament to be informed before important international treaties and agreements are finalised and agreed. The making of treaties is, however, a royal prerogative carried out on the advice of the Government and, strictly speaking, does not need parliamentary approval.

Each of the main functions of Parliament will be discussed in greater detail.

1. To make and break governments
2. Representation of the electorate
3. To legislate/make laws
4. To hold government accountable
5. To be a forum for debate, including the expression of grievances